{"id":259,"date":"2023-10-28T18:37:32","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T18:37:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10048\/?p=259"},"modified":"2023-10-28T18:37:32","modified_gmt":"2023-10-28T18:37:32","slug":"given-when-then-gherkin-syntax-in-bdd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost:10048\/given-when-then-gherkin-syntax-in-bdd\/","title":{"rendered":"Given-When-Then (Gherkin) Syntax in BDD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Given-When-Then, often referred to as Gherkin syntax, is a structured language used in Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) to define and describe the expected behavior of a software system. Gherkin syntax is designed to be human-readable and is commonly used in BDD frameworks like Cucumber and SpecFlow. It provides a clear and uniform way to express behavior scenarios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Gherkin Structure:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gherkin scenarios follow a specific structure with three main sections: Given, When, and Then. Each section serves a distinct purpose in describing the expected behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Given:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The &#8220;Given&#8221; section describes the initial context or state of the system before the behavior is tested.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It sets up the preconditions necessary for the scenario to make sense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Given&#8221; statements establish the starting point for the behavior you want to test.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>When:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The &#8220;When&#8221; section describes an action or event that occurs, typically triggered by the user or some external factor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It represents the action you are testing\u2014the specific behavior that you want to observe or verify.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Then:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The &#8220;Then&#8221; section describes the expected outcome or behavior that should result from the action defined in the &#8220;When&#8221; section.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Then&#8221; statements articulate the specific results, changes, or behavior that you are testing for.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example Using Gherkin Syntax:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example of a BDD scenario written in Gherkin syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Scenario: Logging into an email account\n\nGiven the user is on the email login page\nWhen the user enters their valid username and password\nThen the user should be logged into their email account<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In this scenario:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The &#8220;Given&#8221; section establishes the context by placing the user on the email login page.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The &#8220;When&#8221; section describes the action of entering a valid username and password.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The &#8220;Then&#8221; section specifies the expected outcome, which is that the user should be successfully logged into their email account.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional Keywords in Gherkin:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the primary Given-When-Then structure, Gherkin syntax also includes other keywords that can be used to enhance scenarios:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>And:<\/strong> The &#8220;And&#8221; keyword can be used to continue a section that has already started. For example, &#8220;Given,&#8221; &#8220;When,&#8221; or &#8220;Then&#8221; can be followed by &#8220;And&#8221; to add more context, actions, or expected outcomes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>But:<\/strong> The &#8220;But&#8221; keyword is similar to &#8220;And&#8221; but is often used to introduce an unexpected outcome or exception.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Background:<\/strong> The &#8220;Background&#8221; keyword is used to define a set of Given steps that are common to multiple scenarios within the same feature file. This helps avoid repetition and keeps feature files concise.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scenario Outline:<\/strong> The &#8220;Scenario Outline&#8221; keyword is used to create parameterized scenarios. It allows you to run the same scenario with different sets of data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Gherkin syntax provides a standardized and human-readable way to express behavior scenarios in BDD. By following this structure, development teams can create clear, structured, and unambiguous descriptions of how the software should behave from the user&#8217;s perspective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Given-When-Then, often referred to as Gherkin syntax, is a structured language used in Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) to define and describe the expected behavior of a software system. Gherkin syntax is designed to be human-readable and is commonly used in BDD frameworks like Cucumber and SpecFlow. It provides a clear and uniform way to express behavior [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"material-hide-sections":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Given-When-Then (Gherkin) Syntax in BDD | Sean Dinwiddie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/localhost:10048\/given-when-then-gherkin-syntax-in-bdd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Given-When-Then (Gherkin) Syntax in BDD | Sean Dinwiddie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Given-When-Then, often referred to as Gherkin syntax, is a structured language used in Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) to define and describe the expected behavior of a software system. 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